Lincoln's Mercenaries

Lincoln's Mercenaries - Cover

Economic Motivation among Union Soldiers during the Civil War

by William Marvel

Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War

360 pages / 6.00 x 9.00 inches / 6 halftones, 2 tables

History / United States - Civil War Period

Hardcover / 9780807169520 / November 2018

In Lincoln’s Mercenaries, renowned Civil War historian William Marvel considers whether poor northern men bore the highest burden of military service during the American Civil War. Examining data on median family wealth from the 1860 United States Census, Marvel reveals the economic conditions of the earliest volunteers from each northern state during the seven major recruitment and conscription periods of the war. The results consistently support the conclusion that the majority of these soldiers came from the poorer half of their respective states’ population, especially during the first year of fighting.

Marvel further suggests that the largely forgotten economic depression of 1860 and 1861 contributed in part to the disproportionate participation in the war of men from chronically impoverished occupations. During this fiscal downturn, thousands lost their jobs, leaving them susceptible to the modest emoluments of military pay and community support for soldiers’ families. From newspaper accounts and individual contemporary testimony, he concludes that these early recruits—whom historians have generally regarded as the most patriotic of Lincoln’s soldiers—were motivated just as much by money as those who enlisted later for exorbitant bounties, and that those generous bounties were made necessary partly because war production and labor shortages improved economic conditions on the home front.

A fascinating, comprehensive study, Lincoln’s Mercenaries illustrates how an array of social and economic factors drove poor northern men to rely on military wages to support themselves and their families during the war.

William Marvel, author of numerous books about the American Civil War including Lincoln’s Autocrat: The Life of Edwin Stanton, is a past recipient of the Richard Barksdale Harwell Book Award, the Lincoln Prize, the Douglas Southall Freeman Award, and the Bell Award.

Extras for Lincoln's Mercenaries

Median Wealth Databases: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/wmmarvel

Found an Error? Tell us about it.

×